What mechanism prevents one branch of government from gaining excessive power?

The mechanism that prevents one branch of government from gaining excessive power is known as checks and balances. This system is fundamental to the structure of the government and ensures that each branch—executive, legislative, and judicial—has the ability to monitor and limit the actions of the others. This prevents any single branch from becoming too powerful and allows for a balanced distribution of power within the government.

Checks and balances work through various means, such as the executive branch having the power to veto legislation passed by the legislative branch, while the legislative branch has the authority to approve appointments made by the executive branch and can also impeach members of the executive branch. The judicial branch can declare laws passed by the legislative branch or actions taken by the executive branch unconstitutional, creating a continual system of oversight.

In contrast, cabinet decisions pertain to the advisory role of the cabinet to the president and do not directly relate to inter-branch power dynamics. Popular vote involves citizen participation in electing representatives, which, while essential for democracy, does not regulate the power of branches per se. Executive orders are directives issued by the president to manage the operations of the federal government, but they are subject to judicial review and legislative counteractions, illustrating the necessity of a checks and balances system.