Which event occurred during the presidencies of Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt?

The Great Depression is the correct choice because it was a significant economic downturn that began in the United States in 1929 and lasted throughout the 1930s, impacting many aspects of American life. Woodrow Wilson served as president from 1913 to 1921, and Franklin D. Roosevelt served from 1933 to 1945. The Great Depression fell largely within Roosevelt's presidency, as he implemented the New Deal to address the economic crisis.

While the Emancipation Proclamation was a pivotal moment in U.S. history, it was issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, long before the presidencies in question. The Women’s right to vote became enshrined with the 19th Amendment, which was ratified in 1920 during Wilson's presidency, but it does not encompass the period of both presidents clearly as the Great Depression does. The Spanish-American War occurred in 1898, again well before the presidencies of Wilson and Roosevelt. Thus, the Great Depression uniquely connects both presidencies through its profound economic and social effects on the nation.